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Foundation and Manifesto of Futurism (Feb. 11, 1909)
We stayed up all night, my friends and I, beneath mosque lamps whose copper domes pierced our souls also had electric hearts yet . And while trampling our native sloth on opulent Persian carpets, we discussed border extremes of logic and scratched the paper demented writings.
An immense pride swelled our chests, to feel standing alone, like lighthouses or like sentinels, facing the army of the enemy star, camped in their celestial bivouacs. Only with the engineers in the infernal boilers of large vessels, only with the black ghosts that forage in the red-bellied locomotives terrified, alone with the drunkards beating their wings against the walls!
And here we are suddenly distracted by the rumbling of huge double decker trams that pass a start, colorful lights, such as hamlets party that undermines the Po overflowed suddenly uprooted and, for cause, over the waterfalls and eddies of a deluge, until the sea
Then the silence grew worse. As we listened to the prayers of the old canal and exhausted crunching the bones of palaces moribund in their green beard, suddenly roared beneath our windows hungry automobiles.
- Come, I say, my friends! Let's go! Finally mythology and mysticism are the Ideal surpassed. We will attend the birth of the centaur and we shall soon see the first angels fly! - It will shake the gates of life to try out the hinges and locks! ... Let's go! Surely the first sunrise on earth! ... Nothing equals the splendor of its red sword which fenced for the first time in our darkness millennia.
We approached the three snorting machines to flatter their breasts. I lay down on mine like a corpse in his coffin, but I suddenly resurrected under the steering wheel - blade of the guillotine - that threatened my stomach.
The big broom of madness we tore ourselves and we drove through the streets as steep and deep streams dried up. Here and there, lights unfortunate, windows, taught us to despise our mathematical eyes.
- The flair, I cried, enough flair to beasts! ...
And we hunted, like young lions, Death in black fur dappled pale crosses, who ran before us in the vast mauve sky, palpable and alive.
And yet we had no ideal Mistress raising its height to the clouds, no cruel Queen to whom to offer our corpses twisted into Byzantine rings! ... Die for nothing except the desire to finally rid us of our courage too heavy!
We were crushing on the doorsteps watchdogs, who rounded flattened under our tires burning, like a collar on an iron iron.
Death coaxed me was ahead at every turn to offer me gently paw, and in turn went down to ground level with a shrill noise in my jaw looks velvety flowing from the bottom of puddles.
- Get out of Wisdom as a matrix and enter hideous, like fruit spiced with pride, the huge mouth and torso of the wind! ...
Give us food to the Unknown, not despair, but simply to enrich the unfathomable reservoirs of the Absurd! As I said
these words, I suddenly tacked on myself with the mad intoxication of poodles who bite the tail, that is all to I hit two cyclists disapproved, staggering in front of me and two arguments persuasive and yet contradictory. Their rippling discussing stupid on my property ... How boring! Ugh! ... I cut short, and disgust, I flanked it - wham! - Head over heels into a ditch ...
Oh! maternal ditch, half full of muddy water! Ditch the factory! I enjoyed your mouth full invigorating mud reminds me of the holy black teat of my Sudanese nurse!
As I drew my body, muddy and smelly mop, I felt the hot iron of joy deliciously pierce my heart.
A crowd of fishermen line and gouty naturalists had stirred up with terror around the prodigy. In a patient soul and finicky, they erected huge hawks very high iron, for catching my car, like a large shark stuck. She emerged slowly dropping into the ditch, like scales, its heavy body and his sense of comfort upholstery.
We thought he was dead, my good shark, but I woke up one stroke on his back all-powerful, and he is risen, running at full speed on its fins.
Then the masked good mud plants, full of metal slag, unnecessary sweating and soot celestial trampled on our arms in slings, from the lament of the wise anglers and naturalists sorry, we dittany our first wills all men live Earth:
Futurist Manifesto
1. We want to sing the love of danger, the habit of energy and rashness.
2. The essential elements of our poetry will be courage, audacity and revolt.
3. Literature has up to now magnified pensive immobility, ecstasy and sleep, we want to exalt movements aggression, feverish sleeplessness, the double march, the perilous leap, the slap and the punch.
4. We declare that the splendor of the world has been enriched by a new beauty: the beauty of speed. A racing automobile with its bonnet adorned with great tubes like serpents with explosive breath ... a roaring motor car that seems to run on shrapnel is more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace.
5. We want to sing the man holding the steering wheel, whose ideal stem crosses the Earth, launched itself on the circuit of its orbit.
6. Let the poet spends with warmth, sparkle and extravagance, to increase the enthusiastic fervor of the primordial elements.
7. There is more beauty in the struggle. No masterpiece without an aggressive character. Poetry must be a violent assault against the unknown forces, to warn her to bed before the man.
8. We are on the extreme promontory of the centuries! ... What good look behind us, the moment that we must break down the mysterious doors of the Impossible? Time and Space died yesterday. We already live in the absolute, since we have already created eternal omnipresent speed.
9. We want to glorify war - the only hygiene of the world - militarism, patriotism, the destructive gesture of anarchist, the beautiful ideas that kill, and contempt of women.
10. We want to demolish museums and libraries, fight morality, feminism and all opportunist and utilitarian cowardice.
11. We sing the great crowds agitated by work, pleasure or revolt, and the multicolored and polyphonic surf of revolutions in modern capitals: the nocturnal vibration of arsenals and shipyards under their violent electric moons: the gluttonous railway stations Eaters snakes who smoke ; factories hung on clouds by the strings of their smoke; bridges the bounds of gymnasts started on the diabolic cutlery of sunny rivers: the adventurous steamers sniffing the horizon; locomotives in large chest, which prancing on the rails, like huge steel horses bridled with long tubes, and the gliding flight airplanes, including the propeller slamming flag and the applause of enthusiastic crowds.
is in Italy that we launch this manifesto of violence and upsetting incendiary, by which we base today Futurism, because we want to deliver Italy from its gangrene of professors, archaeologists, Cicero and antique shops.
Italy has too long been the largest market of junk. We want to get rid of the innumerable museums which cover the countless cemeteries.
museums, graveyards ... Really identical in their sinister jostling of bodies that do not know. Public dormitories where you sleep forever side by side with the hated or unknown beings. Reciprocal ferocity painters and sculptors killing each other with blows of line and color in the same museum.
That makes a visit there every year as we see his dead once a year ... We can admit it! ... Is deposited even flowers once a year to feet from the Mona Lisa, we understand! ... But we go walking every day in museums our sadness, our fragile courage and our anxiety, we do not admit! ... Do you want to poison you? Do you want to rot?
What can we find good in an old picture except the painful contortions of the artist trying to break the insurmountable barriers to his desire to express his dream completely?
Admiring an old picture is to pay our sensibility into a funerary urn instead of the forward jet launch violent creation and action. Do you wish to spoil your best forces in and admiration useless in the past, you always come out exhausted, diminished, trampled? In truth
daily attendance of museums, libraries and academies (those cemeteries of wasted effort, these crosses of crucified dreams, registers of these impulses broken !...) is for artists what the guardianship extended relatives for bright young people, drunk with their talent and their ambitious desire.
For the dying, the disabled and prisoners, still happening. That may be a balm to their wounds that the admirable past, at the time that the future is forbidden ... But we want not we, the young, strong and living Futurists!
come so good arsonists burnt fingers! ... Here they are! Here they are! ... So fire and tips to library shelves! Divert the flow channels to flood the museum vaults! ... Oh! they swim to drift, the glorious stars! To you the picks and hammers! Sapez the foundation of venerable towns!
The older among us thirty years, so we at least ten years to accomplish our task. When we have forty years, as younger and more courageous as we please throw us the basket like useless manuscripts! ... They will against us from afar, from everywhere, jumping on the light cadence of their first poems, clawing the air with their crooked fingers, and sniffing at the gates of the academies, the smell of rotting our minds, already promised to the catacombs of libraries.
But we will not be there. They will find us at last, for a winter night in the countryside, in a sad hangar by rain strums monotonous, crouching close to our airplanes hectic, warming up our hands on the wretched fire which our books will TODAY 'hui brand sparkling merrily in the theft of their images. They
rioting around us, panting with anxiety and resentment, and all exasperated by our proud indefatigable courage will set off to kill us with more hatred than their hearts will be drunk with love and admiration for us. And strong and healthy Injustice will burst radiantly in their eyes. For art can only be violence, cruelty and injustice.
The older among us thirty years, and yet we have already wasted treasures, treasures of strength, love, courage and fierce will, hastily, in delirium, without counting, arm circumference, breathlessly.
Look at us! We are not out of breath ... Our heart has not the slightest tired! Because it was nourished by fire, hatred and speed! ... That surprises you! Is that you do not even remember having lived! Standing on top of the world, we launch once again the challenge to the stars!
Your objections? Enough! Enough! I know! Of course! We know what our beautiful false intelligence affirms us. - We are, she says, that the summary and extension of our ancestors. - Maybe! Let! ... Who cares? ... But we do not want to hear! Beware of repeating these infamous words! Raise your head instead!
Standing on top of the world, we launch Once again the challenge to the stars!
FT Marinetti
Director Poesia
Milan - Via Senato, 2
Posted by Le Figaro, February 20, 1909 and Poesia , No. 1-2, February-March 1909.
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This masterpiece is among the largest and most complex paintings from Picasso's Blue Period, dating from 1901 to 1904. Painted in Barcelona, La Vie remains one of the key works in the prodigious output of paintings, drawings, prints, sculpture, and pottery of this dominant visual artist of the twentieth century.
La Vie is set in an artist's studio, containing vague suggestions of cloistered architecture. A nude woman clings to the male figure, dressed only in a white loincloth, who points toward the heavily draped woman holding a sleeping baby. Between these groups are two canvases, stacked one on top of the other, in the beginning stages of development and only outlined. In the upper one, two clinging nudes look out hopelessly; in the other, the figure rests its head on drawn-up knees. Picasso made four preparatory sketches for this painting, changing the figures in the composition at least twice. The cloaked female figure was initially a bearded male. The male figure, which began as a self-portrait, ended as a portrait of Picasso's late friend Carlos Casagemas, who had committed suicide after being cruelly rejected by a lover.
The painting is clearly allegorical, as well as unusually complex and obscure for Picasso's early work. Scholars have not reached a consensus concerning the narrative, which has frequently been discussed in print but never explained by the artist. Picasso's painting projects a pessimistic outlook, expressed not only in the symbolism of the figures but also in its desolate, cold, blue tones. During his Blue Period, he often dealt with themes of misery and human destitution, and here his subject may allude to the responsibilities of everyday life, the incompatibility of sexual love, and the difficulties of artistic creativity.
The canvas's surface has numerous pentimenti. From X-ray photographs taken in 1976 at The Cleveland Museum of Art and through subsequent research, some of mysteries of the piece have been explained. In addition to the changes Picasso made while painting La Vie, a second painting was discovered beneath its surface that appears to be the lost work, The Last Moments (or The Moribund ). Elements identified in the radiographs--a nude female reclining on a bed, a bedside table with an open drawer supporting a lighted lamp, a priest, and a winged creature with a human body and the head of a bird--resemble the description of a large canvas that was the key painting in Picasso's first exhibition in Barcelona and at the Paris World Exhibition in 1900.
http://www.clevelandart.org/explore/viewcmacollections.asp?cid=p44
Picasso’s attention soon shifted from the creation of social and quasi-religious allegories to an investigation of space, volume, and perception, culminating in the invention of Cubism. His portrait Fernande with a Black Mantilla is a transitional work. Still somewhat expressionistic and romantic, with its subdued tonality and lively brushstrokes, the picture depicts his mistress Fernande Olivier wearing a mantilla, which perhaps symbolizes the artist’s English origins. The iconic stylization of her face and its abbreviated features, however, foretell Picasso’s increasing interest in the abstract qualities and solidity of Iberian sculpture, which would profoundly influence his subsequent works. Though naturalistically delineated, the painting presages his imminent experiments with abstraction.
Nancy Spector
Circus performers were regarded as social outsiders, poor but independent. As such, they provided a telling symbol for the alienation of avant-garde artists such as Picasso. Indeed, it has been suggested that the Family of Saltimbanques serves as an autobiographical statement, a covert group portrait of Picasso and his circle.
Picasso reworked the Family of Saltimbanques several times, adding figures and altering the composition. The figures occupy a desolate landscape and although Picasso has knit them together in a carefully balanced composition, each figure is psychologically isolated from the others, and from the viewer. In his rose, or circus period, Picasso moved away from the extreme pathos of his earlier blue period, but in the Family of Saltimbanques , the masterpiece of the circus period, a mood of introspection and sad contemplation prevails.
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This scene of fairground performers was Picasso's most significant work to date. The name of the painting comes from the Italian words saltare, meaning "to leap," and banco, "bench," which refers to the stage on which the acrobats usually performed. Saltimbanques were the lowest order of acrobats; Picasso pictured them as vagabonds with simple props in an empty, desertlike landscape. He was familiar with earlier representations of clowns and harlequins from eighteenth-century art, which frequently included figures from the commedia dell'arte, a popular theatrical form featuring stock characters and their antics. These characters played significant roles in the paintings of such artists as Tiepolo, the Le Nain, and Watteau.
Picasso's painting was inspired by a group of performers he and his colleagues befriended at the Cirque Medrano, which had quarters near the artist's Paris studio in Montmartre. Picasso was particularly drawn to the circus people, many of whom were his English countrymen. Their agility and pursuit of the art of illusion delighted him, and their gypsylike lives touched the artist, who himself searched for new horizons.
Picasso identified most closely with the clowns, those performers who masked their true selves with costumes and makeup. In fact, Picasso portrayed himself as the harlequin in a diamond-patterned costume in Family of Saltimbanques . The jester and the acrobats are lost in their own thoughts and glance toward the woman, who sits alone, while the harlequin reaches out to the child behind his back. In his deft representations of the various figures, Picasso manages to portray not only the lifestyle of the real saltimbanques but also the apparent melancholy mood of his friends and the collective alienation of this group.
Picasso's huge canvas was a considerable investment for the struggling artist and may explain why he repainted the subject at least four times, one on top of the other. X-radiography reveals the figures positioned differently in earlier versions. Some of Picasso's changes, including the woman's shoulders and hat, the color of the child's ballet slippers, the red jester's missing leg, and the harlequin's top hat, emerge as ghostlike outlines ( pentimenti ) in the final painting.
Gallery label text
2006
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L es Demoiselles d'Avignon is one of the most important works in the genesis of modern art. The painting depicts five naked prostitutes in a brothel; two of them push aside curtains around the space where the other women strike seductive and erotic poses—but their figures are composed of flat, splintered planes rather than rounded volumes, their eyes are lopsided or staring or asymmetrical, and the two women at the right have threatening masks for heads. The space, too, which should recede, comes forward in jagged shards, like broken glass. In the still life at the bottom, a piece of melon slices the air like a scythe.
The faces of the figures at the right are influenced by African masks, which Picasso assumed had functioned as magical protectors against dangerous spirits : this work, he said later, was his "first exorcism painting." A specific danger he had in mind was life-threatening sexual disease, a source of considerable anxiety in Paris at the time ; earlier sketches for the painting more clearly link sexual pleasure to mortality. In its brutal treatment of the body and its clashes of color and style (other sources for this work include ancient Iberian statuary and the work of Paul Cézanne), Les Demoiselles d'Avignon marks a radical break from traditional composition and perspective.
Publication excerpt
http://moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?object_id=79766